Sci. Report 43- PICES - North Pacific Marine Science Organization

Report 43 (July 2013)

Report of Working Group 23 on Comparative Ecology of Krill in Coastal
and Oceanic Waters around the Pacific Rim


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Executive Summary				5

1.	Introduction			1
	1.1	A Proposal for the Formation of a Working Group on Comparative Ecology of Krill in Coastal and Oceanic Waters around the Pacific Rim		1
	1.2	Outcomes of WG 23 beyond the Terms of Reference		3

2.	State of Knowledge of Comparative Ecology of Krill in Coastal and Oceanic Waters around the Pacific Rim			5
	2.1	U.S. GLOBEC Pan-Regional Synthesis - Comparative Ecology of Krill in Coastal and Oceanic Waters around the Pacific Rim		5
		2.1.1	Introduction and Background	5
		2.1.2	Synthesis of Observations and Experiment	6
		2.1.3	Synthesis through Modeling	7
		2.1.4	Synthesis of U.S. GLOBEC Observations: Copepod and Krill Observations off Oregon	9
		2.1.5	Synthesis of Krill Ecology in Coastal Waters off Oregon and Washington	10
		2.1.6	Synthesis and Resource Assessment and Management	11
		2.1.7	Proposed Pan-Pacific Research	11
		2.1.8	Topics and References on the Ecology of Euphausia pacifica	13
	2.2	Ongoing Research Relevant to WG 23 Activities		14

3.	Country Reports			15
	3.1	Canada		15
		3.1.1	Time Series of Abundance, Biomass, and Species/Size/Age Composition	15
		3.1.2	Bioacoustic Sampling and Analysis	17
		3.1.3	Spatial Distribution and Krill Aggregation Mechanisms	18
	3.2	Japan		21
		3.2.1	The ODATE Collection	21
		3.2.2	Distribution	21
		3.2.3	Seasonal Cycles	22
		3.2.4	Spawning	22
		3.2.5	Species Composition and Growth in the Oyashio	23
		3.2.6	Lipid Analysis	24
		3.2.7	Genetics Studies	24
	3.3	People's Republic of China		25
		3.3.1	Distribution and Seasonal Variability	25
		3.3.2	Diel Vertical Distribution	25
		3.3.3	Abundance	25
		3.3.4	Spawning	26
		3.3.5	Recruitment	27
		3.3.6	Life History Parameters	27
	3.4	Republic of Korea		28
		3.4.1	Distribution	28
		3.4.2	Diel Vertical Migration	28
		3.4.3	Lipid Analysis	30
		3.4.4	Dietary Lipid Biomarkers	31
	3.5	Russia		32
		3.5.1	Distribution	32
		3.5.2	Seasonal Variability	33
		3.5.3	Diel Vertical Migration	34
		3.5.4	Caloric Content	34
		3.5.5	Long-term Variability of Euphausiid Stocks	35
	3.6	United States of America		36
		3.6.1	Sampling Programs	36
		3.6.2	Spatial Distribution	38
		3.6.3	Vertical Distribution	39
		3.6.4	Seasonal Cycle of Spawning	40
		3.6.5	Seasonal Cycles of Abundance	40
		3.6.6	Life History Parameters	42
		3.6.7	Lipid Analysis	50
		3.6.8	Carbon:Nitrogen (C:N) Analysis	51
		3.6.9	Population Genetics	52

4.	Euphausiids in North Pacific Continuous Plankton Recorder Sampling			53
	4.1	Background		53
	4.2	North Pacific CPR Data		53
		4.2.1	Seasonal Cycles	54
		4.2.2	Interannual Variability	55

5.	Modeling			57
	5.1	NEMURO Model		57
	5.2	Individual-Based Models and Bio-physical Models		57

6.	Other WG 23 Activities			59
	6.1	Euphausiid Live Work Protocol		59
	6.2	Zotero Publications Database		60
	6.3	International Collaborations		60
		6.3.1	Visiting Scientists	60
		6.3.2	Laboratory Visits	61
		6.3.3.	Collaborative Sampling	61

7.	Literature Cited			63

Appendix 1			WG 23 Membership	71
Appendix 2			Euphausiid Length Conversion Equations	73
Appendix 3			Questionnaire for Euphausiid Experts	75
Appendix 4			WG 23 Annual Reports and Topic Session/Workshop Summaries	79
Appendix 5			PICES Press Article	97

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